MI Model Content Standards matched to Science with Computers

MI Model Content Standards
matched to
Science with Computers

Content Standard 1: All students will ask questions that help them learn about the world; design and conduct investigations using appropriate methodology and technology; learn from books and other sources of information; communicate their findings using appropriate technology; and reconstruct previously learned knowledge. [Sci; New Scientific & Personal Knowledge]

Component:

Science and Internet Tools

Reference:

Pgs 38 - 60

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

The Solar System

Reference:

Pgs. 153 - 180

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Forces in Our World

Reference:

Pgs. 168 - 181

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Plan, Research, and Draft a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Edit, Illustrate, and Document a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Use sources of information to help solve problems. (Key concepts: Tools: Forms for presenting scientific information, such as figures, tables, graphs.) [Sci; New Scientific & Personal Knowledge; Standard 1; Middle School]

Component:

Science and Internet Tools

Reference:

Pgs 38 - 60

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

The Solar System

Reference:

Pgs. 153 - 180

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Forces in Our World

Reference:

Pgs. 168 - 181

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Plan, Research, and Draft a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Edit, Illustrate, and Document a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Gather and synthesize information from books and other sources of information. (Key concepts: Scientific periodicals, reference books, trade books.) [Sci; New Scientific & Personal Knowledge; Standard 1; High School]

Component:

Science and Internet Tools

Reference:

Pgs 38 - 60

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

The Solar System

Reference:

Pgs. 153 - 180

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Forces in Our World

Reference:

Pgs. 168 - 181

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Plan, Research, and Draft a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Edit, Illustrate, and Document a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Describe the advantages and risks of new technologies. (Key concepts: Risk, benefit, side effect, advantage, disadvantage.) [Sci; Nature, Adequacy, and Connections; Standard 2; Middle School]

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Justify plans or explanations on a theoretical or empirical basis. (Key concepts: Aspects of logical argument, including evidence, fact, opinion, assumptions, claims, conclusions, observations.) [Sci; Nature, Adequacy, and Connections; Standard 2; High School]

Component:

Science and Internet Tools

Reference:

Pgs 38 - 60

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

The Solar System

Reference:

Pgs. 153 - 180

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Forces in Our World

Reference:

Pgs. 168 - 181

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Plan, Research, and Draft a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Edit, Illustrate, and Document a Science Report

Reference:

Pgs. 243 - 253

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Evaluate alternative long range plans for resource use and by-product disposal in terms of environmental and economic impact. (Key concepts: Understanding of limitations of knowledge and technology, side effects of resource use.) [Sci; Nature, Adequacy, and Connections; Standard 2; High School]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Content Standard 3: All students will apply an understanding of cells to the functioning of multicellular organisms; and explain how cells grow, develop, and reproduce (Cells). [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences]

Component:

Word Processing Wonders

Reference:

Pgs 2 - 23

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe similarities/differences between single-celled and multicellular organisms. (Key concepts: Differences: single-celled, multicellular, cell specialization. Cell structures: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane. Observation tools: hand lens, microscope.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Explain why specialized cells are needed by plants and animals. (Key concepts: Specialized functions of cells: reproduction, photosynthesis, transport.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Explain how multicellular organisms grow, based on how cells grow and reproduce. (Key concepts: Specialized functions of cells: respiration, synthesis, mitosis, meiosis.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; High School]

Component:

Word Processing Wonders

Reference:

Pgs 2 - 23

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Compare and contrast ways in which selected cells are specialized to carry out particular life functions. (Key concepts: Specialized functions: reproduction, photosynthesis, transport.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; High School]

Component:

Word Processing Wonders

Reference:

Pgs 2 - 23

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Compare and contrast the chemical composition of selected cell types. (Key concepts: Basic chemicals/ molecules: water, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids, nucleic acids. Atoms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; High School]

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Compare the transformations of matter and energy during photosynthesis and respiration. (Key concepts: Cell Processes: photosynthesis, cellular respiration. Reactants and products: carbon dioxide, oxygen, sugar, water. Energy forms: heat, light, food (chemical) energy.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Explain how cells use food to grow. (Key concepts: Basic molecules for growth: simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids. Basic chemicals, molecules and atoms: water, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and lipids, nucleic acids; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 3; High School]

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Compare and classify organisms into major groups on the basis of their structure. (Key concepts: Characteristics used for classification: vertebrates/invertebrates, cold-blooded/warm-blooded, single-cell/multi-cellular, flowering/nonflowering.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 4; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe evidence that plants make and store food. (Key concepts: Process and products of food production: photosynthesis, starch, sugar, oxygen.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 4; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Explain how selected systems and processes work together in plants and animals. (Key concepts: Systems/ Processes: digestion, circulation, respiration, endocrine, reproduction, skeletal, muscular, nervous, excretion, transport, growth, repair.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 4; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Classify major groups of organisms on the basis of the five-kingdom system. (Key concepts: Kingdom categories: protist, fungi, moneran, animal, plant. Characteristics for classification: cell wall, cell membrane, heterotroph, autotroph, organelle, single-celled, multi-cellular.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 4; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Explain the process of food storage and food use in organisms. (Key concepts: Food storage and use in organisms: photosynthesis, cellular respiration, oxygen, sunlight, carbon dioxide, carbohydrate, fat, protein, minerals, water.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 4; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Explain how living things maintain a stable internal environment. (Key concepts: Related systems/cells/ chemicals: excretory system, endocrine system, circulatory system, hormones, immune response, white blood cell, bacteria, virus. Factors/ mechanisms under control: temperature, disease/infection.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 4; High School]

Component:

Biology and the Well-Organized System

Reference:

Pgs. 199 - 218

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Describe how genetic material is passed from parent to young during sexual and asexual reproduction. (Key concepts: Types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis. Types of reproduction: sexual, asexual.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 5; High School]

Component:

Word Processing Wonders

Reference:

Pgs 2 - 23

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Describe how scientific theory traces possible evolutionary relationships among present and past life forms. (Key concepts: Selected evidence of common ancestry: geologic time, fossil, bone, embryo, limb.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 6; Middle School]

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe what biologists consider to be evidence for human evolutionary relationships to selected animal groups. (Key concepts: Common types of evidence used: hominid fossils, vestigial structures.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 6; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Explain how a new species or variety may originate through the evolutionary process of natural selection. (Key concepts: How new species or varieties are established: natural selection, inheritable, non-inheritable characteristics, species variation.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 6; High School]

Component:

Scientific Correspondence

Reference:

Pgs. 218 - 228

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Content Standard 7: All students will explain how parts of an ecosystem are related and how they interact; explain how energy is distributed to living things in an ecosystem; investigate and explain how communities of living things change over a period of time; describe how materials cycle through an ecosystem and get reused in the environment; and analyze how humans and the environment interact (Ecosystems). [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences]

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Predict the effects of changes in one population in a food web on other populations. (Key concepts: Natural balance, population, dependence, survival.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe how all organisms in an ecosystem acquire energy directly or indirectly from sunlight. (Key concepts: Sunlight, plants, food, photosynthesis, heat.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe the likely succession of a given ecosystem over time. (Key concepts: Succession, stages, climax community.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; Middle School]

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Identify some common materials that cycle through the environment. (Key concepts: Carbon cycle and water cycle: Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sugar (food). Also see appropriate Cells and Atmosphere and Weather benchmarks.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; Middle School]

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe common ecological relationships among species. (Key concepts: Competition, territory, carrying capacity, natural balance, population, dependence, survival.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Describe general factors regulating population size in ecosystems. (Key concepts: Carrying capacity, competition, parasitism, predation.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Describe responses of an ecosystem to events that cause it to change. (Key concepts: Succession, climate/ physical conditions, introduction of new/different species, elimination of existing species.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; High School]

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Describe how water, carbon dioxide, and soil nutrients cycle through selected ecosystems. (Key concepts: Common nutrients/ elements: nitrogen, sulfur, carbon, phosphorous. Inorganic compounds containing nutrients: soil minerals, carbon dioxide. Organic compounds in living communities: proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Also see appropriate Cells benchmarks.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; High School]

Component:

Databases and Science

Reference:

Pgs 61 - 74

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Weather and Climate

Reference:

Pgs. 119 - 141

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Forces of Nature

Reference:

Pgs. 142 - 152

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Explain the effects of agriculture and other human activities on selected ecosystems. (Key concepts: Common factors that influence ecosystems, such as pollution of ecosystems from fertilizer, insecticide, and other chemicals.) [Sci; Knowledge from Life Sciences; Standard 7; High School]

Component:

Science and Then Some

Reference:

Pgs. 229 - 242

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Content Standard 8: All students will measure and describe the things around us; explain what the world around us is made of; identify and describe forms of energy; and explain how electricity and magnetism interact with matter (Key concepts: Matter and Energy). [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Measure physical properties of objects or substances (mass, weight, area, temperature, dimensions, volume). (Key concepts: Units of measure: kilogram, gram, liter, degrees Fahrenheit, degrees Celsius. Measurement tools: balances, spring scales, measuring cups or graduated cylinders, thermometers, metric ruler.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 8; Middle School]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Classify substances as elements, compounds, or mixtures. (Key concepts: Element, compound, mixture.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 8; Middle School]

Component:

Databases and Science

Reference:

Pgs 61 - 74

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe the arrangement and motion of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases. (Key concepts: Arrangement: regular pattern, random. Distance between molecules: closely packed, separated. Molecular motion: vibrating, bumping together, moving freely.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 8; Middle School]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe how common forms of energy can be converted, one to another. (Key concepts: Forms of energy: mechanical, heat, sound, light, electrical, magnetic, chemical, nuclear, food energy. Conservation of energy. Energy transformation.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 8; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe and compare objects in terms of mass, volume, and density. (Key concepts: Units of density: grams per cubic centimeter or grams per milliliter. Measurement tools and units describing mass and volume: see above.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 8; High School]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Explain how families of elements are related by common properties. (Key concepts: Tools: Periodic table of elements. Materials: various element samples.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 8; High School]

Component:

Databases and Science

Reference:

Pgs 61 - 74

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

Content Standard 9: All students will investigate, describe and analyze ways in which matter changes; describe how living things and human technology change matter and transform energy; explain how visible changes in matter are related to atoms and molecules; and how changes in matter are related to changes in energy (Changes in Matter). [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

7-9

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe common physical changes in materials: evaporation, condensation, thermal expansion, and contraction. (Key concepts: States of matter: solid, liquid, gas. Changes in states of matter: evaporation, condensation. Thermal expansion and contraction.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 9; Middle School]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe common chemical changes in terms of properties of reactants and products. (Key concepts: Common chemical changes: burning paper, rusting iron, formation of sugars during photosynthesis.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 9; Middle School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Explain physical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules. (Key concepts: Molecular descriptions of states of matter: see Matter and Energy benchmarks. Physical changes: States of matter: solid, liquid, gas. Changes in size and shape: bending, tearing, breaking. Changes in state of matter: melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation. Thermal expansion and contraction. Speed of molecular motion: moving faster, slower, vibrate, rotate, unrestricted motion, conservation of matter.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 9; Middle School]

Component:

Matters and Compounds

Reference:

Pgs. 181 - 199

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Explain chemical changes in terms of the arrangement and motion of atoms and molecules. (Key concepts: Description of chemical change at molecular level, see Matter and Energy benchmarks. Description of chemical change: burning paper, rusting iron, formation of sugars during photosynthesis, atom, molecule, bond, reactant, product, conservation of matter.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 9; High School]

Component:

The Plant and Animal Kingdoms

Reference:

Pgs 95 - 118

Required:

Suggested:

8-9

Interested:

+ Relate changes in speed or direction to unbalanced forces in two dimensions. (Key concepts: Changes in motion and common forces: see above. Additional forces: attraction, repulsion, balanced, unbalanced.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 10; Middle School]

Component:

Forces in Our World

Reference:

Pgs. 168 - 181

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe the forces exerted by magnets, electrically charged objects, and gravity. (Key concepts: Electrical charges and magnetic poles: north pole, south pole, positive charge, negative charge, weight, gravitational pull.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 10; Middle School]

Component:

The Solar System

Reference:

Pgs. 153 - 180

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Design strategies for moving objects by application of forces, including the use of simple machines. (Key concepts: Types of simple machines: lever, pulley, screw, inclined plane, wedge, wheel, and axle.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 10; Middle School]

Component:

Forces in Our World

Reference:

Pgs. 168 - 181

Required:

Suggested:

Interested:

+ Describe that whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object. (Key concepts: Action force, reaction force.) [Sci; Knowledge from Physical Sciences; Standard 10; High School]

Component:

Forces in Our World